![]() Initial patient evaluation and assessment are crucial to identify the severity of CCB toxicity and design the best management strategy. Dihydropyridine toxicity, however, may present with reflex tachycardia instead of bradycardia. Severe CCB toxicities may present with life-threatening bradycardia, hypotension, hyperglycemia, and renal insufficiency. CCB toxicity is common given the widespread use which leads to serious adverse clinical outcomes, especially in children. They are available in both immediate and long-acting formulations and are generally classified into dihydropyridines and nondihydropyridines, with nondihydropyridines having more cardioselectivity. ![]() Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia, Email Ībstract: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are widely prescribed medications for various clinical indications in adults and children. ![]() Omar A Alshaya, 1– 3 Arwa Alhamed, 3, 4 Sara Althewaibi, 1 Lolwa Fetyani, 1 Shaden Alshehri, 1 Fai Alnashmi, 1 Shmeylan Alharbi, 1– 3 Mohammed Alrashed, 1– 3, 5 Saleh F Alqifari, 6 Abdulrahman I Alshaya 1– 3ġDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 4College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 5Pharmacy Department, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA 6Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaĬorrespondence: Omar A Alshaya, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O.
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